Longevity pathways and Autophagy
Autophagy is the catabolic process by which the cell eliminates unnecessary or dysfunctional cellular components by delivering them into lysosomes where their degradation occur. It has a key role in slowing aging.
The autophagic process and types of autophagy.
Interplay amoung Longevity pathways
AMPK, mTOR, and Sirtuins (SIRT1) interact with each other. They can function individually or in combination to affect the aging process.
Individually:
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AMPK is activated by metformin, resveratrol, and exercise.
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SIRT1 is activated by resveratrol, NAD+, exercise, and calorie restriction CR
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mTOR is inhibited by rapamycin, resveratrol, exercise, and CR.
Combination:
AMPK can be promoted by SIRT1 and mTOR, SIRT1 can be activated by AMPK and mTOR, and mTOR can be inhibited by AMPK & SIRT1.
Positive effect
Negative effect